When I first began doing pixel art a sense of pixel purism was engrained in me by the pixel art communities. Rules and conventions were established in the post-pixel area of video games as a means to wrap up in a neat and tidy package what the art of our youth was all about. They covered what tools were and were not allowed, how many colors were acceptable, and coined a vocabulary of new terms to describe patterns to follow and avoid. Some even went as far as to say that each pixel needed to be placed individually in order to qualify. Although these rules were being made up organically by kids no different than me, they were treated as law and anyone who dared think otherwise was quickly corrected and indoctrinated.

But the truth is pixel art was never like that in game production. In fact, in many ways, making art for games today is no different at all from what it was like back then; the problems are just different. If you take a peek at the technical details behind the art of any modern game you'll be surprised to find out that it's just a bunch of crazy ideas and hacks stacked on top of each other in order to push the system to do something that was previously never thought of. The pixel art era was no exception to this mentality; there were no self-imposed rules against transparency, high color-counts, or what tools you used. Those were the rules given to you by the platform, and your job was to attempt to BREAK them in any way possible and push the limits. The inescapable truth is most pixel art games of our youth, if they were able, used what would be declared today as "Dirty" Tools or "Non-Pixel Art" (NPA) practices.


When I got my first job at Gameloft in 2008 my mentality towards pixel purism shifted drastically. No longer was it about how you get it done, but rather how FAST. I began doing things I was told was unquestionably wrong like color reducing and layered blend modes. This isn't to say the things I learned as a pixel-purist weren't useful – they were! They resulted in high quality art with attention for every pixel and for that I am thankful, but I feel it was taught to me backwards. It became clear to me that there were two distinct types of purism; process purism and results purism, the former being completely useless and toxic. Why take an hour to do something in a tedious way, when you can do it with the same results another way in half the time? Unlike the famous adage, when it comes to pixel art it's the destination, not the journey. So let's talk about the various methods of creating pixel art. They can be summed up in 3 major categories...

Manual:

This is the most common method for indie developers these days. Anyone who grew up with MS Paint on their computer has had a taste for this due to the program's inherent limitations. Simply put, in this method each color is placed by hand. I say 'color' and not 'pixel' because tools like the paint bucket, line tool, and large brushes are generally accepted as pure. So long you're laying down each specific color by hand, with an attention to proper pixel technique and color conservation, then you are creating pixel art in this method; The "purist" method.

Color Reduction / Cleanup:

This method involves painting with dirty tools to solidify the overall composition fast, then color reducing (or "indexing") the image to a more manageable palette. When you do this, the image will look like a mess in terms of pixel art standards. Jagged aliased edges and stray pixels will be strewn across the canvas, but the composition is still intact. From there it's back to manual pixel-pushing as you clean up the image and refine it on a per-pixel level.

Index Painting:

The most elusive of the methods is Index Painting. The term "index" refers to an image mode where a pixel's color value does not carry any RGB hue information but instead is an index to a colour palette. Indexing was a major part of early game development and allowed for cool tricks such as palette swapping and FX animation by cycling a pixel through a series of indexes (Color Cycling). As art tools such as Deluxe Paint (Amiga) became more powerful, features allowing for laying down multiple colors at once were made. Things which were previously impossible like blend modes, procedural dithering, soft-brushes and gradients, was now available to pixel artists. Index Painting refers to the use of these more advanced tools; i.e. painting with multiple indexes. A few modern programs continue to support these features including ProMotion and GraFX.

Helm, former moderator at Pixelation, describes the method:

Index Painting And Beyond!

It doesn't end there! Building upon the principals we talked about here, In my next post I'll be talking about a new method I've developed for turning Photoshop into the most powerful Index Painting tool in existence using what I'm called "HD Index Painting".

Stay tuned!